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From the Black Cat to Sacramento

LGBT progress from pre-Stonewall rebellion to staffing the governor

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L-R Daniel Zingale; Justin Knighten; Vito Imbasciani; Joey Freeman; Jesse Melgar; Nathan Click; Matthew Tabarangao; JP Petrucione; Gavin Newsom; Julie Li; John Spangler; Ana Matosantos; Kelly Huston; Kelli Evans; Kris Perry. (Photo courtesy of Gov. Newsom’s office)

The 2018 elections will be largely remembered as the midterms that won back the US House of Representatives for the Democrats, reinstating San Francisco queen Nancy Pelosi as Speaker to lead the resistance against Donald Trump. In California, there was little drama in Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom’s victory over Republican John Cox to succeed Gov. Jerry Brown.

But largely overlooked was how Newsom immediately appointed LGBT people to positions of power in his new administration. The contrast was sharp. When the Los Angeles Blade asked how many LGBT people served in the Brown administration, the press office said they did not keep data on LGBT staffers. 

Newsom, however, recognized the significance of visible diverse representation in the nation’s most populous state. Born five months after the gay protests against police raids at the Black Cat Tavern in Silver Lake in 1967, Newsom grasps the historical arc from gays being despised by society to his being despised by many in the Democratic Party when, as mayor of San Francisco in 2004, he issued marriage licenses to same sex couples — to today, when both he as governor and his LGBT staff symbolize California’s commitment to progressive values.    

“Progress is built on the shoulders of others,” Newsom tells the Los Angeles Blade. “It’s people’s conviction. Their courage and their actions created this history. [LGBT] people took that horrific experience and rather than giving up, rather than rolling over – they stepped up and they leaned in and they demanded something more.  It’s a reminder that things happen only when people make them happen and that even in the ashes of violence and riots, that great things can still emerge from that darkness.”

Newsom believes in the old North Star adage that “if you believe in something, damn the critics.” Just do the right thing, including giving LGBT people a shot at power. 

“Not only am I proud to have LGBTQ members of my staff, but I’m more proud of this: [they are] in some of the most powerful positions in government,” Newsom says. “This is not just having staffers at low levels.  Ana Matosantos is day-to-day running this administration. Daniel Zingale and the incredible work he does organizing our communications and framing the debate here in Sacramento.  I could go down a list.

Gov. Gavin Newsom with LGBT Legislative Caucus members Assemblymember Evan Low, Sen. Scott Wiener, Assemblymembers Susan Eggman and Todd Gloria. (Photo courtesy Newsom’s office)

“I’m just so proud. I mean my legal team—some of the best and the brightest in the country and they happen to be members of the LGBTQ community,” he continues. “And each one of them comes with an extraordinary story of their own heroism and their own lives, their own journey and their own struggles, their own identity. JP – a transgender member of our staff who worked for me in the mayor’s office and is now working here in the Governor’s Office.”

And then the governor gets personal. “It enriches not only the administration and the state—but it’s been enriching to me, personally, because their journey – their life story is so connected to Stonewall, to the Black Cat, to the history of the movement. We’re all here because of those previous contributions. And they’re countless, but obviously those are two among the most notable. But beyond that, it’s a compliment to so many people that have done so much and given so much to this movement that we’re all here,” Newsom says. “We’ve got an All Star team up here. I’m really blessed. It’s really great.” 

Here are a few LGBT members of Newsom’s “All Star” team.

JP Petrucione (Photo courtesy of Gov. Newsom’s office)

JP Petrucione

Director of Digital Media, Communications

What do the Black Cat and Stonewall rebellions mean to you and why should we care anymore?

This is a very scary moment to be transgender. They’re trying to ban trans soldiers. The word itself has been banned. Trans people are being turned into a wedge issue, a “thing’ to be banned or erased. I can’t decide if I’m being paranoid but don’t we have to wonder “what’s next?” The Black Cat, Stonewall, and I’d add Compton’s Cafeteria, remind us that we queers are powerful. And that when we stand up to power, we are perfectly capable, thank you, of making damn sure we’re not erased.

Of all the employment opportunities open to LGBT people today, why did you choose government/public service?

When you work in government, especially when you work for a guy like Gavin Newsom, you have the opportunity to make history by making substantive change happen especially for queers – like in 2004 with gay marriage or this past March with the moratorium on the death penalty.

How old are you? Where do you live? What’s your relationship status?

I’m 46. Born and raised in San Francisco, where I also spent my early queer years hanging out at the Lexington Club, Dolores Park, Hot Pants, the Cat Club and, a few places in between, transitioning from a baby dyke to a trans-masculine queerdo. I moved up to Portland eight years ago to live the urban country life and rescue Chihuahuas. I love pickling and gardening – I’m particularly proud of my peonies.

Is there something important you want to convey?

Don’t give up. Resist. Fight. Have hope. I’m telling myself this as much as anything.

Joey Freeman (Photo courtesy of Gov. Newsom’s office)

Joey Freeman

Chief Deputy Legislative Affairs Secretary for Policy

What do the Black Cat and Stonewall rebellions mean to you and why should we care anymore?  

For me, the Black Cat and Stonewall rebellions represent the people whose shoulders I stand on, who afforded me the opportunity to live my life out loud and to be uniquely me.

Growing up in a tight-knit Jewish community and attending Jewish day schools through high school, I learned about the various points in history when the Jewish community rallied to combat persecution and injustice. It was a narrative that helped inspire my passion for public service, and shaped my identity – but I was leaving another core part of my identity in the dark. I came out just shy of a year and a half ago – and while I knew about the struggle for LGBTQ rights – it takes on greater personal importance today. Each of us has our own journey, and while coming out was difficult, it pales in comparison to the members of the LGBTQ community who quite literally gave their lives in pursuit of equality. I am here because of them.

 Of all the employment opportunities open to LGBT people today, why did you choose government/public service?

 Since I was a kid, I’ve been drawn to government and public service. I credit my family and teachers who instilled in me the importance of giving back. I credit my late grandfather who shared his love of Los Angeles with me, a passion that I translated into making my city an even better place.

But upon reflection, I also credit something deeper. One of the challenges – and gifts – of being gay is having to wrestle with something so big internally and externally – feeling different in a world where being gay is not the norm. I often think about how it must not be dissimilar from the experiences of many Jews around the world. It took me a long time but I finally decided to accept that I do in fact feel different – and I’m grateful for it because I believe strongly that it’s why I empathize with people, why I’ve always rooted for the underdog, and why I’ve chosen the work I do.

How old are you? Where do you live? What’s your relationship status?

I am twenty-eight years old and moved to Sacramento six months ago to work for Governor Newsom. I was born and raised in Los Angeles, which I call home, and have also lived in Berkeley and San Francisco. I am happily in a relationship – another one of the gifts of having come out!

Is there something important you want to convey?

I’ve worked for Governor Newsom for five years – in his capacities as Lieutenant Governor, candidate for Governor, and now Governor. It’s been such a privilege to work for a bold leader who fights every day to achieve a California for All, and for someone who has been a part of my own personal journey.

I got to march in the San Francisco Pride Parade while closeted with the man who played such a pivotal role in the fight for marriage equality – and who made me feel hopeful, even though I was not yet ready to tell others about my identity. Then I got to come out to this individual who expressed how happy he was for me. Last year, I got to march with him yet again, this time as an openly gay man. And now I get to go to work every day with an incredible team he built, a team where my identity is not only valued, but celebrated.

Kelli Evans (Photo courtesy Gov. Newsom’s office)

Kelli Evans 

Deputy Legal Affairs Secretary for Criminal Justice

What do the Black Cat and Stonewall rebellions mean to you and why should we care anymore?

Not only were they critical flash points in the march towards freedom and equality for LGBTQ people, they are important reminders of how important visibility and speaking out against injustice are.  These lessons are just as vital today as they were 50 years ago — whether we’re talking about the fight for humane treatment for immigrant families, for young black and brown men, or for transgender people. 

Of all the employment opportunities open to LGBT people today, why did you choose government/public service?

I became a lawyer to protect and advance civil rights and liberties.  I’ve had the good fortune of being able to do so while working in non-profits, the private sector, and government.  It is an incredible privilege to be part of harnessing the power and authority of government to try and make the California dream a reality for everyone.  This is what Gov. Newsom’s vision of a “California For All” is really all about.  

How old are you? Where do you live? What’s your relationship status?

I live in Oakland and am married to my college sweetheart, Terri Shaw. We have a 16-year-old daughter, Kaden, who will be a high school junior in the fall. She bakes, plays lots of different sports and is a math and science whiz. All talents that she definitely did NOT inherit from me. We have two dogs — a sweet old black lab named Jupiter (aka Joop Doggy Dog) and a clownish little terrier named Rocket.  In my spare time, I love cooking, watching horror movies and whiskey tasting.  

Is there something important you want to convey?

Deep appreciation to my grandmother who raised me and to all those who came before us who made it possible for a queer black girl from the projects to be where I am today. 

Daniel Zingale. (Photo courtesy Gov. Newsom’s office)

Daniel Zingale 

Senior Adviser on Strategy and Communications

What do the Black Cat and Stonewall rebellions mean to you and why should we care anymore?

An example of how these pivotal rebellions of our past should inform our present is in the current debate regarding police use of force. The queer community knows how fundamental it is to have confidence that law enforcement is there to protect and respect our safety and our lives without bias. All Californians deserve the same.

Of all the employment opportunities open to LGBT people today, why did you choose government/public service?

I chose public service at a time when public policies, practices and laws had to change in order for queer Americans and those living with HIV to avoid being criminalized, marginalized and denied the most basic of rights. I returned to public service this year for the privilege of working with a governor whose early leadership around marriage equality demonstrated he is willing to take bold and risky action when people’s dignity and human rights are at stake.

How old are you? Where do you live? What’s your relationship status?

I’m 59 years old. I was born and raised in Sacramento where I live now with my partner, our two children, two cats and a German Shepherd named Sparky.

When I was coming of age — and coming out — in 1980, the message was clear. If you were open and honest about being queer, many careers would be off limits to you, like high profile public service, military service or a career in law enforcement. You would never have a lasting relationship. And you would certainly not be allowed to experience parenting.

Contrary to all those negative messages, I’ve had a career in public service and raised two kids within a 39-year relationship with a peace officer. So I know from my own life experience how together we can overcome bigotry and false assumptions about our limits. That applies to our brothers and sisters with disabilities and to those targeted by racial and gender bias, religious discrimination, transphobia, anti-immigrant scapegoating and other forms of hate. Don’t believe the hateful hype.

Is there something important you want to convey?

Please see #3 above.

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Los Angeles

UCLA’s long-standing LGBTQ+ alumni organization welcomes new president 

The Blade sat down with paralegal studies professor and local advocate Bobby Rimas to talk about intersectional leadership and his goals for the UCLA Lambda Alumni Association. 

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Bobby Rimas assumed the presidency of the UCLA Lambda Alumni Association early this month. (Photo courtesy Bobby Rimas)

As a young student studying history at UCLA, Bobby Rimas was grounded by his growing desire to give back to his community. He worked as a tutor for low-income students and became invested in learning about the ways intersectionality impacts people’s access to education and resources. “My barriers may not be the same as yours, and your barriers may not be the same as mine,” Rimas told the Blade. “How do you apply that in leadership [and] in the classroom?” 

After 15 years of service to UCLA’s various alumni networks, first beginning with the Pilipino Alumni Association, Rimas became president of the university’s Lambda Alumni Association on Jan. 1. The UCLA Lambda Alumni Association was formed in 1989 as a way to support LGBTQ+ students and graduates with professional development, scholarship opportunities, mentorship, and other outreach support. 

UCLA has long been a local epicenter of queer activism and advancement. Students formed groups like the Gay Student Union and Lesbian Sisterhood in 1969 and 1973, respectively, to empower and connect queer students. Queer art and culture also thrived in this time, as students saw the launches of the queer campus paper, magazine, and a film festival that centered on LGBTQ+ stories. 

Administratively, campus officials were taking a stance against LGBTQ+ discrimination. In 1975,  UCLA Chancellor Charles E. Young banned departments and programs from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation. 

In the decades since, leaders like Rimas are working to preserve this history and also build upon it. How can we inspire students in and out of the classroom? How do we make sure they have access to valuable resources and can advocate for themselves in places that are not always inclusive of their needs and identities?

Rimas often ponders these questions, both as president of the Lambda Alumni Association and at Cal State LA, where he works as an associate professor of paralegal studies. There is often cross-pollination in the concerns he receives from alumni members as well as his students: How do they find employers who are accepting of LGBTQ+ people? How do they avoid being discriminated against in the workplace?

These are questions Rimas hopes to tackle more in his role as president of the UCLA Lambda Alumni Association and in his continued tenure as an educator. One of his first goals is to expand the board and bring on more diverse perspectives to the organization. “More people means more activity,” Rimas said, who hopes that the combined knowledge and resources of the board can better serve students and alumni. 

Rimas also hopes to throw a large Gala event, one that mirrors the extravagant, celebratory 2019 bash he organized for the association when he was first brought onto the team. 100 people attended, creating a wave of awareness for the organization and increasing their scholarship funding. 

What’s next? UCLA Lambda Alumni Association’s first board meeting is this upcoming Monday. Rimas hopes to discuss strategies to grow the organization’s presence beyond the campus’ reach, in other queer cornerstones like West Hollywood, elevating diverse LGBTQ+ voices, and improving ways they can professionally support their network’s members. 

Kristie Song is a California Local News Fellow placed with the Los Angeles Blade. The California Local News Fellowship is a state-funded initiative to support and strengthen local news reporting. Learn more about it at fellowships.journalism.berkeley.edu/cafellows.

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Los Angeles

South L.A. celebrated Black joy and resistance at yesterday’s Martin Luther King Jr. Day Parade

The Blade also sat with staff from Center South, a community site that champions the safety and health of South L.A.’s LGBTQ+ communities of color.

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On Monday, South L.A. community members gathered for the annual Martin Luther King Jr. Day Parade. (Blade photo by Kristie Song)

At 9 a.m. on Monday, Jan. 19, South L.A. community members gathered on the streets, holding onto lawn chairs and the hands of their children and family members. “Good morning,” one greeted. “Are you ready for the parade?” Neighbors laughed and hugged underneath the warm morning sun, staring into the horizon in anticipation of the county’s official Martin Luther King Jr. Day Parade, organized by Bakewell Media and the Los Angeles Sentinel Newspaper.

(Blade photo by Kristie Song)

When the parade began an hour later, organizations like labor union SEIU Local 721, civil rights group Black Lives Matter Los Angeles, and HIV care and advocacy nonprofit AIDS Healthcare Foundation marched to cheers and waves from the crowd. Young musicians, drill and cheer teams from Marcus Garvey School and other schools stepped in unison, performing elaborate routines and sending jolting, infectious waves of drum and trumpet like electricity through paradegoers.

(Blade photo by Kristie Song)

Black liberty and joy coalesced with a call to face injustice at yesterday’s festivities. Black Lives Matter Los Angeles members handed out flyers demanding accountability for Keith Porter, who was killed by an off-duty Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent on Dec. 31. Marchers also waved the Iranian flag in solidarity with its people, who have faced increasing state-sanctioned violence after they began protesting the government in the midst of an economic downfall. 

Communal care and empowerment remain, for many, the only way forward as trust in broader governmental systems and structures wanes. While celebrating the monumental work of the late civil rights activist, community members yesterday echoed an important, resonant message: The work is not yet done. 

This community work is largely supported by local advocates and organizations like Center South: one of the Los Angeles LGBT Center’s community sites. Yesterday morning, ahead of the parade, senior program manager Steven Campa and fellow staff members welcomed people into the space for coffee and pastries. 

(Blade photo by Kristie Song)

They also handed out flyers introducing residents to the site’s resources, which include: hygiene kits, HIV testing, a free monthly farmers market and clothing closet, mental health and primary care services, substance use and recovery programs, as well as social groups that prioritize LGBTQ+ people of color living in the neighborhood. 

Center South opened six years ago, reclaiming a space that once housed a vibrant jazz supper club. At first, the site focused on providing services specifically for men who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of whether or not they identified as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. Over time, Center South became more inclusive of and responsive to the local community as a whole, becoming a safe space for anyone in South L.A. seeking refuge and care. 

Campa, who has been with Center South since its founding, emphasized the constantly-evolving nature of the place as it molds itself to best serve and represent its community. Staff members and clinicians are nurtured by their own personal connections to the neighborhood, yearning to give back to the place that raised them. 

And that has an effect. “How does it look to have a provider who’s queer: a provider that looks like folks in the community?” Campa said. “We’re our community. Folks grew up [here]…To speak to the MLK Day parade, this was a holiday for the Center. Folks chose to be here. Understanding that we are on MLK Boulevard, we want to continue to do [show up] every year to provide a safe space for the community.” 

(Blade photo by Kristie Song)

Campa, his staff members, and fellow Los Angeles LGBT Center staff want to expand what it means to be safe and healthy — and to see that reflected more broadly in their communities. “A healthy person needs medical care [and more],” said the Center’s chief equity officer, Giovanna Fischer, who showed up on Monday to celebrate the parade with the community. “[They also] need food access, immigration support…That’s definitely going to impact their health and wellbeing,” Fischer told the Blade. “

Campa, Fischer, and other advocates are strategizing for their community in uncertain times, as threats to instrumental funding are seemingly always on the table. But as they “forecast for the future” and continue to build a collective vision that uplifts LGBTQ+ people of color, their fight endures. “We deserve to think about where we want to go,” Fischer said. “We deserve the opportunity to dream and scheme, and so does our community. So until further notice, we’re going to continue to do that.” 

(Blade photo by Kristie Song)

Kristie Song is a California Local News Fellow placed with the Los Angeles Blade. The California Local News Fellowship is a state-funded initiative to support and strengthen local news reporting. Learn more about it at fellowships.journalism.berkeley.edu/cafellows.

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Los Angeles

Advocates demand that trans youth be protected as cases are argued in Supreme Court

This week, LGBTQ+ advocates and legal experts spoke in support of trans youth as two Supreme Court cases challenge their rights and safety.

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Viscount Lucas Rojas, Toni Newman and Jenny Pizer called for the protection of trans youth at a press conference on Jan. 13. (Photo courtesy AIDS Healthcare Foundation)

This Tuesday, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments regarding two cases about transgender girls in sports: Little v. Hecox and West Virginia v. B.P.J. 

In 2020, Idaho Governor Brad Little signed into law HB 500, which bans transgender girls and women from participating in school sports. This affected the first case’s respondent: transgender student athlete Lindsay Hecox, who was barred from participating in the track and cross country teams as well as intramural soccer and running clubs.

In 2021, then-governor of West Virginia, Jim Justice, approved HB 3293, which enacts a similar ban. Becky Pepper-Jackson (B.P.J.), now an incoming high school student, opposed the discriminatory policy when it prevented her from joining her then-middle school’s cross country and track and field teams. Pepper-Jackson has also only undergone female puberty due to gender-affirming care, but West Virginia argues that its anti-transgender policies should be upheld because of her assigned sex at birth. 

For LGBTQ+ advocates and allies, these cases illustrate the burden and harm transgender people face daily as their rights to privacy, dignity, care, and inclusion are constantly at risk of being eroded and stripped completely. 

Experts also wonder if these cases could potentially reshape the Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause as well as the civil rights law, Title IX. The former prohibits discrimination on other factors aside from race, though governments have argued that certain “suspect classifications” can be looked at more closely through “heightened scrutiny.” The latter prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally-funded schools.

What is unfolding and how local advocates are informing change:

The fight ahead is weary, and experts are certain that the states involved will not concede their points. In a webinar organized yesterday by the Williams Institute, several LGBTQ+ policy experts, including Rutgers Law School professor and anti-discrimination scholar Katie Eyer, examined where these cases may be heading, as well as efforts to muddy the arguments. 

“It seems possible that the court might try to sidestep that issue here by saying that these laws don’t target transgender people at all,” Eyer said. “I think for most people, this seems bananas: like an upside-down world. We all know these laws were about transgender people.”

Jenny Pizer, an attorney for the LGBTQ+ civil rights legal organization Lambda Legal and a co-counsel member for the B.P.J. case, affirmed this sentiment at a press conference organized Tuesday by Lambda Legal and AIDS Healthcare Foundation affinity group, FLUX. “They’ve gone to great lengths to say there’s no discrimination,” Pizer said. “[They’re arguing] it’s just technicalities or classifications.” 

Eyer was one of three Equal Protections scholars who filed an amicus brief to be considered in the Supreme Court cases. An amicus brief is a legal document submitted by someone who is not involved directly in a case but who may offer additional perspectives and information that can inform the ruling process. 

Eyer’s brief provided historical context that clarified the disadvantages of blanket sex-based policies. These types of laws, according to Eyer, uphold stereotypes over nuance, truth, and equal protection guidelines. For Pepper-Jackson, who has only undergone female puberty and who does not “benefit” from what dissidents define as a sex-based competitive “advantage,” the state should have provided her the ability to argue that she should have the same rights as other girls. 

“Of course, the state hasn’t done that here,” Eyer said. “Under these precedents, the Supreme Court should invalidate the laws as applied to those trans girls who really don’t have a sex-based competitive advantage.”

Who are these bills protecting?

The states argue that their policies are merely “ensuring safety and fairness in girls’ sports.” But queer advocates understand that this is a veneer for the exclusion of transgender people from society. Forcing trans youth out of sports “does not protect anyone,” according to California LGBTQ Health and Human Services Network director Dannie Ceseňa, who spoke at Tuesday’s press conference.

“It encourages the scrutiny of children’s bodies. It fuels gender policing, and it creates hostile school environments — not safer ones,” said Ceseňa. “Our youth should not inherit a world that treats their existence as a threat.” 

Transgender people are systemically disempowered 

At yesterday’s webinar, Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the Williams Institute Andrew Flores discussed his own amicus brief in support of Pepper-Jackson. The brief highlights the need for “heightened judicial scrutiny” in Pepper-Jackson’s case because the majority of political processes “systemically fail” transgender people. 

For example, the transgender community faces substantial barriers in exercising their voter rights because of voter identification laws and other policies that regulate and define identity. “Even being able to gain access to the franchise is a burden for transgender people,” Flores said. “The court does play an important role there. It can grant legitimacy to arguments…or at least [acknowledge] that these issues are more complicated than maybe how they’ll receive them.” 

What’s next?

Experts are hesitant about where the cases stand. “Bottom line: I don’t know what the court is going to do in these cases. They may send them back down for further development,” Pizer said, who thinks future rulings will not shift more overarching policies regarding transgender rights. “I think they will probably decide based only on laws about sports, not laws more broadly about the rights of trans folks.” 

But whatever is decided, the impacts will trickle down to everyone. While the cases deal specifically with anti-transgender policies, experts warn that LGBTQ+ issues have always been tied to racial, economic, and disability justice. “There’s this looming constitutional campaign to really undermine civil rights,” said Eyer. “That affects LGBTQ people. It affects people of color. It affects people with disabilities. It affects everybody, and it really is concerning.” 

As transgender inclusion and safety are being argued on the largest legal stage, advocates are asking: “When are you going to step up?” They are also sending a direct message to transgender youth: “We see you, we believe in you, and we are fighting for you,” said Ceseňa. “You deserve joy, community, and care. You deserve a future that reflects who you are and not who anyone or any politician demands you to be. Trans youth deserve better.” 

Kristie Song is a California Local News Fellow placed with the Los Angeles Blade. The California Local News Fellowship is a state-funded initiative to support and strengthen local news reporting. Learn more about it at fellowships.journalism.berkeley.edu/cafellows.

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U.S. Supreme Court

Competing rallies draw hundreds to Supreme Court

Activists, politicians gather during oral arguments over trans youth participation in sports

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Hundreds gather outside the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)

Hundreds of supporters and opponents of trans rights gathered outside of the United States Supreme Court during oral arguments for Little v. Hecox and West Virginia v. B.P.J. on Tuesday. Two competing rallies were held next to each other, with politicians and opposing movement leaders at each.

“Trans rights are human rights!” proclaimed U.S. Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) to the crowd of LGBTQ rights supporters. “I am here today because trans kids deserve more than to be debated on cable news. They deserve joy. They deserve support. They deserve to grow up knowing that their country has their back.”

U.S. Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) speaks outside of the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)

“And I am here today because we have been down this hateful road before,” Markey continued. “We have seen time and time again what happens when the courts are asked to uphold discrimination. History eventually corrects those mistakes, but only after the real harm is done to human beings.”

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U.S. Education Secretary Linda McMahon spoke at the other podium set up a few feet away surrounded by signs, “Two Sexes. One Truth.” and “Reality Matters. Biology Matters.”

“In just four years, the Biden administration reversed decades of progress,” said McMahon. “twisting the law to urge that sex is not defined by objective biological reality, but by subjective notion of gender identity. We’ve seen the consequences of the Biden administration’s advocacy of transgender agendas.”

From left, U.S. Education Secretary Linda McMahon and U.S. Rep. Mark Takano (D-Calif.) speak during the same time slot at competing rallies in front of the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday. Takano addresses McMahon directly in his speech. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)

U.S. Rep. Mark Takano (D-Calif.), chair of the Congressional Equality Caucus, was introduced on the opposing podium during McMahon’s remarks.

“This court, whose building that we stand before this morning, did something quite remarkable 6 years ago.” Takano said. “It did the humanely decent thing, and legally correct thing. In the Bostock decision, the Supreme Court said that trans employees exist. It said that trans employees matter. It said that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act protects employees from discrimination based on sex, and that discrimination based on sex includes discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. It recognizes that trans people have workplace rights and that their livelihoods cannot be denied to them, because of who they are as trans people.”

“Today, we ask this court to be consistent,” Takano continued. “If trans employees exist, surely trans teenagers exist. If trans teenagers exist, surely trans children exist. If trans employees have a right not to be discriminated against in the workplace, trans kids have a right to a free and equal education in school.”

Takano then turned and pointed his finger toward McMahon.

“Did you hear that, Secretary McMahon?” Takano addressed McMahon. “Trans kids have a right to a free and equal education! Restore the Office of Civil Rights! Did you hear me Secretary McMahon? You will not speak louder or speak over me or over these people.”

Both politicians continued their remarks from opposing podiums.

“I end with a message to trans youth who need to know that there are adults who reject the political weaponization of hate and bigotry,” Takano said. “To you, I say: you matter. You are not alone. Discrimination has no place in our schools. It has no place in our laws, and it has no place in America.”

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Congress

Padilla speaks at ‘ICE Out for Good’ protest in D.C.

ICE agent killed Renee Nicole Good in Minneapolis on Jan. 7

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U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla (D-Calif.) speaks at the 'ICE Out for Good' rally in D.C. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)

U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla (D-Md.) is among those who spoke at an “ICE Out for Good” protest that took place outside U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s headquarters in D.C. on Tuesday.

The protest took place six days after a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent shot and killed Renee Nicole Good, a 37-year-old woman in Minneapolis.

Good left behind her wife and three children.

(Video by Michael K. Lavers)

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U.S. Supreme Court

Supreme Court hears arguments in two critical cases on trans sports bans

Justices considered whether laws unconstitutional under Title IX

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(Blade photo by Michael Key)

The Supreme Court heard two cases today that could change how the Equal Protection Clause and Title IX are enforced.

The cases, Little v. Hecox and West Virginia v. B.P.J., ask the court to determine whether state laws blocking transgender girls from participating on girls’ teams at publicly funded schools violates the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause and Title IX. Once decided, the rulings could reshape how laws addressing sex discrimination are interpreted nationwide.

Chief Justice John Roberts raised questions about whether Bostock v. Clayton County — the landmark case holding that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity — applies in the context of athletics. He questioned whether transgender girls should be considered girls under the law, noting that they were assigned male at birth.

“I think the basic focus of the discussion up until now, which is, as I see it anyway, whether or not we should view your position as a challenge to the distinction between boys and girls on the basis of sex or whether or not you are perfectly comfortable with the distinction between boys and girls, you just want an exception to the biological definition of girls.”

“How we approach the situation of looking at it not as boys versus girls but whether or not there should be an exception with respect to the definition of girls,” Roberts added, suggesting the implications could extend beyond athletics. “That would — if we adopted that, that would have to apply across the board and not simply to the area of athletics.”

Justice Clarence Thomas echoed Roberts’ concerns, questioning how sex-based classifications function under Title IX and what would happen if Idaho’s ban were struck down.

“Does a — the justification for a classification as you have in Title IX, male/female sports, let’s take, for example, an individual male who is not a good athlete, say, a lousy tennis player, and does not make the women’s — and wants to try out for the women’s tennis team, and he said there is no way I’m better than the women’s tennis players. How is that different from what you’re being required to do here?”

Justice Samuel Alito addressed what many in the courtroom seemed reluctant to state directly: the legal definition of sex.

“Under Title IX, what does the term ‘sex’ mean?” Alito asked Principal Deputy Solicitor General Hashim Mooppan, who was arguing in support of Idaho’s law. Mooppan maintained that sex should be defined at birth.

“We think it’s properly interpreted pursuant to its ordinary traditional definition of biological sex and think probably given the time it was enacted, reproductive biology is probably the best way of understanding that,” Mooppan said.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor pushed back, questioning how that definition did not amount to sex discrimination against Lindsay Hecox under Idaho law. If Hecox’s sex is legally defined as male, Sotomayor argued, the exclusion still creates discrimination.

“It’s still an exception,” Sotomayor said. “It’s a subclass of people who are covered by the law and others are not.”

Justice Elena Kagan highlighted the broader implications of the cases, asking whether a ruling for the states would impose a single definition of sex on the 23 states that currently have different laws and standards. The parties acknowledged that scientific research does not yet offer a clear consensus on sex.

“I think the one thing we definitely want to have is complete findings. So that’s why we really were urging to have a full record developed before there were a final judgment of scientific uncertainty,” said Kathleen Harnett, Hecox’s legal representative. “Maybe on a later record, that would come out differently — but I don’t think that — ”

Kathleen Harnett, center, speaks with reporters following oral arguments at the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday, Jan. 13. (Blade photo by Michael Key)

“Just play it out a little bit, if there were scientific uncertainty,” Kagan responded.

Justice Brett Kavanaugh focused on the impact such policies could have on cisgender girls, arguing that allowing transgender girls to compete could undermine Title IX’s original purpose.

“For the individual girl who does not make the team or doesn’t get on the stand for the medal or doesn’t make all league, there’s a — there’s a harm there,” Kavanaugh said. “I think we can’t sweep that aside.”

Justice Amy Coney Barrett questioned whether Idaho’s law discriminated based on transgender status or sex.

“Since trans boys can play on boys’ teams, how would we say this discriminates on the basis of transgender status when its effect really only runs towards trans girls and not trans boys?”

Harnett responded, “I think that might be relevant to a, for example, animus point, right, that we’re not a complete exclusion of transgender people. There was an exclusion of transgender women.”

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson challenged the notion that explicitly excluding transgender people was not discrimination.

“I guess I’m struggling to understand how you can say that this law doesn’t discriminate on the basis of transgender status. The law expressly aims to ensure that transgender women can’t play on women’s sports teams… it treats transgender women different than — than cis-women, doesn’t it?”

Idaho Solicitor General Alan Hurst urged the court to uphold his state’s ban, arguing that allowing participation based on gender identity — regardless of medical intervention — would deny opportunities to girls protected under federal law.

Hurst emphasized that biological “sex is what matters in sports,” not gender identity, citing scientific evidence that people assigned male at birth are predisposed to athletic advantages.

Joshua Block, representing B.P.J., was asked whether a ruling in their favor would redefine sex under federal law.

“I don’t think the purpose of Title IX is to have an accurate definition of sex,” Block said. “I think the purpose is to make sure sex isn’t being used to deny opportunities.”

Becky Pepper-Jackson, identified as plaintiff B.P.J., the 15-year-old also spoke out.

“I play for my school for the same reason other kids on my track team do — to make friends, have fun, and challenge myself through practice and teamwork,” said Pepper-Jackson. “And all I’ve ever wanted was the same opportunities as my peers. But in 2021, politicians in my state passed a law banning me — the only transgender student athlete in the entire state — from playing as who I really am. This is unfair to me and every transgender kid who just wants the freedom to be themselves.”

A demonstrator holds a ‘protect trans youth’ sign outside of the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday, Jan. 13. (Blade photo by Michael Key)

Outside the court, advocates echoed those concerns as the justices deliberated.

“Becky simply wants to be with her teammates on the track and field team, to experience the camaraderie and many documented benefits of participating in team sports,” said Sasha Buchert, counsel and Nonbinary & Transgender Rights Project director at Lambda Legal. “It has been amply proven that participating in team sports equips youth with a myriad of skills — in leadership, teamwork, confidence, and health. On the other hand, denying a student the ability to participate is not only discriminatory but harmful to a student’s self-esteem, sending a message that they are not good enough and deserve to be excluded. That is the argument we made today and that we hope resonated with the justices of the Supreme Court.”

“This case is about the ability of transgender youth like Becky to participate in our schools and communities,” said Joshua Block, senior counsel for the ACLU’s LGBTQ & HIV Project. “School athletics are fundamentally educational programs, but West Virginia’s law completely excluded Becky from her school’s entire athletic program even when there is no connection to alleged concerns about fairness or safety. As the lower court recognized, forcing Becky to either give up sports or play on the boys’ team — in contradiction of who she is at school, at home, and across her life — is really no choice at all. We are glad to stand with her and her family to defend her rights, and the rights of every young person, to be included as a member of their school community, at the Supreme Court.”

The Supreme Court is expected to issue rulings in both cases by the end of June.

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West Hollywood

John Heilman and Danny Hang will serve as WeHo’s new Mayor and Vice Mayor 

Last night, community members and local officials gathered to celebrate new leadership and bid a warm farewell to outgoing Mayor Chelsea Byers. 

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Danny Hang thanked his parents after he was sworn in as West Hollywood's Vice Mayor on Jan. 12. (Screen capture via WeHo TV/YouTube)

On Jan. 12, West Hollywood residents packed the City’s chambers at 6 p.m. to honor the work of outgoing mayor Chelsea Byers and witness councilmembers John Heilman and Danny Hang take their oath of office as they respectively assume their roles as Mayor and Vice Mayor for 2026.

In her last address as Mayor, Byers spoke about the optimism she holds onto in these unsteady times. To her, West Hollywood is a unique City: one that has become a model for what can be possible in an unjust society. “It’s us against the world. It’s West Hollywood on the stage,” Byers said. “It’s our story to tell, and every single person here contributes in such great ways to that.” 

Byers was awarded a plaque on behalf of West Hollywood council members for her outspoken commitment to LGBTQ+ rights, economic justice, housing affordability, and policies that emphasize equity and inclusivity in West Hollywood. 

Her leadership remains a bright, guiding light for Mayor Heilman, who was part of West Hollywood’s first city council after the independent city was incorporated in 1984. The spirit of that initial group remains today: queer, progressive, and led for and by the people. Yesterday’s ceremony marked the beginning of Heilman’s ninth time serving as Mayor, as well as his last year on the city council due to term limits. 

Now, he leads side-by-side with a self-proclaimed “newcomer,” Danny Hang. 

From the 626 to the Westside: Hang’s roots and journey  

Hang was born in Monterey Park, a city in the San Gabriel Valley. The region is known for its diverse communities and AAPI-rich culture and history, and Hang recounted to the Blade the deep sense of belonging and comfort he felt growing up there. “I could go to a restaurant, speak Vietnamese or Chinese,” Hang said. “There are people who look like me out there. It is my home away from home.”

After college, he worked at the Social Security Administration, where he helped retirees, disabled people, and those impacted by loss file for Supplemental Security Income (SSI). The work was fulfilling, and he loved feeling that he had a tangible impact on others’ lives: that he could help residents grappling with difficult bureaucratic processes.

This passion grabbed the attention of L.A. County Supervisor Lindsey Horvath, who tapped Hang into serving on West Hollywood’s Disabilities Advisory Board in 2017. Hang eagerly accepted the role, having always been drawn to the vibrant, queer cultural hub. “WeHo was always the land of the unicorn: the land of magic,’ Hang told the Blade. “[This] was a town where I could be open, by myself, and find other people who were also LGBTQ+.” 

After serving on the City’s Disabilities Advisory Board and, subsequently, the county’s Business License Commission, Hang noticed a lack of AAPI representation in local leadership. “There aren’t many AAPI people at all in West Hollywood. After I was on the commission, [I thought]: Hey, I think I want to run for city council,” Hang told the Blade. 

Creating more inclusive leadership in WeHo

In 2024, Hang was elected to West Hollywood’s city council, becoming the first AAPI councilmember in the City’s 40 year legacy. “I want to see people who look like me in local government, because I want this community to be reflective of the modern-day people who live here. We’re a diverse community, and there’s no reason why we shouldn’t have people of color on the council, as well as more people of color appointed to our boards and commissions.” 

Last night, local officials offered encouragement, support, and affirmation to Hang after he took his oath of office. “You’re already making history and certainly making waves across, not just your home region of the San Gabriel Valley, but certainly in California,” said Monterey Park councilmember Henry Lo. 

Afterwards, Hang addressed the room, thanking residents, fellow council members and his family. “Standing here as the first AAPI elected to the West Hollywood City Council is deeply meaningful, and I couldn’t have done it without my parents. [They’re] right here in the front row,” Hang said. “My dad was a union worker, who showed me why standing up for workers matters. And my mom worked in a small business, owning a little nail salon in South Pasadena. She taught me what it means to care for others and to keep the community going.” 

The year ahead: Heilman calls for residents to unite

Afterwards, Mayor Heilman spoke at length about the upcoming transitional year, the urgency of the current political climate, and ways that community members can step up to support each other. In his last term, he has set his eye on revitalizing the Sunset Strip, stabilizing rent and increasing housing affordability as well as examining the safety of the City’s foundational buildings, including the library and fire station.

He concluded his speech by making an unwavering stance on the “appalling” state of the federal government, stating that every West Hollywood resident must step up together in the face of ongoing federal attacks on the rights of LGBTQ+ people, specifically transgender people, as well as immigrants and other marginalized community members. 

“This is a direct attack on our residents. It’s a direct attack on all of us,” Heilman said. “Now is not the time to hide. We need you…Ask what you can do to help people in the community,” he said, galvanizing residents to volunteer for the City’s various social services, nonprofits like Hollywood Food Coalition and Ascencia

This call for unity and communal bravery echoes Byers’ belief in the courage of the people of West Hollywood. “41 years ago, a group of people defined what government could be,” Byers said. “We’re living the wildest dreams of people decades ago…and we get to be a bridge for that hope for the future. In such a critical moment, it’s truly our responsibility.” 

Kristie Song is a California Local News Fellow placed with the Los Angeles Blade. The California Local News Fellowship is a state-funded initiative to support and strengthen local news reporting. Learn more about it at fellowships.journalism.berkeley.edu/cafellows.

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Arts & Entertainment

2026 Most Eligible LGBTQ Singles nominations

We are looking for the most eligible LGBTQ singles in Los Angeles

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Are you or a friend looking to find a little love in 2026? We are looking for the most eligible LGBTQ singles in Los Angeles. Nominate you or your friends until January 23rd using the form below or by clicking HERE.

Our most eligible singles will be announced online in February.

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Minnesota

Reports say woman killed by ICE was part of LGBTQ community

Renee Nicole Good shot in Minneapolis on Wednesday

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ICE in Minneapolis

A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent shot and killed a woman in Minneapolis as she attempted to drive away from law enforcement during a protest on Wednesday.

The Star Tribune newspaper identified the victim as Renee Nicole Good, 37, a Minneapolis resident who lived blocks from where she was shot in the Central neighborhood, according to reports. Donna Ganger, Good’s mother, told the Star Tribune that her daughter lived in the Twin Cities with her wife.

Multiple videos of the shooting have gone viral on social media, showing various angles of the fatal incident — including footage that shows Good getting into her car and attempting to drive away from law enforcement officers, who had their weapons drawn.

In the videos, ICE agents can be heard telling Good to “get out of the fucking car” as they attempted to arrest her. Good, who press reports say was married to a woman, ended up crashing her car into an electric pole and other vehicles. She was later transported from the scene of the shooting and died at the hospital.

President Donald Trump defended the ICE agent on Truth Social, saying the officer was “viciously” run over — a claim that coincides with Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem’s assessment of the situation. Noem, a South Dakota Republican, insisted the officer “fired defensive shots” at Good after she attempted to run over law enforcement agents “in an attempt to kill them — an act of domestic terrorism.”

Multiple state and local officials disputed claims that the shooting was carried out in self-defense at the same time Noem was making those assertions.

An Instagram account that appears to belong to Good describes her as a “poet and writer and wife and mom and shitty guitar strummer from Colorado; experiencing Minneapolis, MN,” accompanied by a rainbow flag emoji.

A video posted to X after the shooting shows a woman, reportedly her wife, sitting on the ground, crying and saying, “They killed my wife. I don’t know what to do.”

“We’ve dreaded this moment since the early stages of this ICE presence in Minneapolis,” Mayor Jacob Frey said during a Wednesday press conference. “Having seen the video myself, I want to tell everybody directly that [the DHS’s claim of self-defense] is bullshit. This was an agent recklessly using power that resulted in somebody dying, getting killed.”

“I have a message for ICE. To ICE, get the fuck out of Minneapolis,” Frey continued. “We do not want you here. Your stated reason for being in this city is to create some kind of safety, and you are doing exactly the opposite. People are being hurt. Families are being ripped apart. Long-term Minneapolis residents that have contributed so greatly to our city, to our culture, to our economy are being terrorized, and now somebody is dead. That’s on you, and it’s also on you to leave.”

Across the Capitol, members of the House and the Senate condemned the actions of the officer.

“There’s no indication she’s a protester, there’s nothing that at least you can see on the video, and therefore nothing that the officers on the ground could see that identify her as someone who’s set out to try to do harm to an ICE officer,” U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) said Wednesday night on MS NOW’s “The Weeknight.”

“There is no evidence that has been presented to justify this killing,” House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) said in a statement on his website. “The masked ICE agent who pulled the trigger should be criminally investigated to the full extent of the law for acting with depraved indifference to human life.”

“ICE just killed someone in Minneapolis,” U.S. Rep. Robert Garcia (D-Calif.) the highest-ranking Democrat on the House Oversight Committee, posted on X. “This administration’s violence against communities across our country is horrific and dangerous. Oversight Democrats are demanding answers on what happened today. We need an investigation immediately.”

In a statement to the Advocate, Human Rights Campaign President Kelley Robinson wrote, “Today, a woman was senselessly killed in Minneapolis during an ICE action — a brutal reminder that this agency and the Trump regime put every community at risk, spreading fear instead of safety. Reports that she may have been part of the LGBTQ+ community underscore how often the most vulnerable pay the highest price.”

National LGBTQ Task Force President Kierra Johnson also responded to Good’s death.

“We recognize and mourn the loss of Renee Nicole Good and extend our condolences to her family, loved ones, and community,” said Johnson in a statement. “This loss of life was preventable and reprehensible, particularly coming at the hands of federal agents.”

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Colombia

Gay Venezuelan man who fled to Colombia uncertain about homeland’s future

Heberth Aguirre left Maracaibo in 2018

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BOGOTÁ, Colombia — A gay Venezuelan man who has lived in Colombia since 2018 says he feels uncertain about his homeland’s future after the U.S. seized the now former Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro.

“On one hand I can feel happy, but on the other hand I feel very concerned,” Heberth Aguirre told the Washington Blade on Tuesday during an interview at a shopping mall in Bogotá, the Colombian capital.

Aguirre, 35, is from Maracaibo, Venezuela’s second-largest city that is the heart of the country’s oil industry.

He developed cultural and art initiatives for the Zulia State government.

“Little by little, I suddenly became involved in politics because, in a way, you had to be involved,” recalled Aguirre. “It was necessary to be involved because the regime often said so.”

“I basically felt like I was working for the citizens, but with this deeply ingrained rule we had to be on their side, on the side of the Maduro and (former President Hugo) Chávez regime,” he added.

Maduro in 2013 became Venezuela’s president after Chávez died.

“There are things I don’t support about the regime,” Aguirre told the Blade. “There are other things that were nice in theory, but it turned out that they didn’t work when we put them into practice.”

Aguirre noted the Maduro government implemented “a lot of laws.” He also said he and other LGBTQ Venezuelans didn’t “have any kind of guarantee for our lives in general.”

“That also exposed you in a way,” said Aguirre. “You felt somewhat protected by working with them (the government), but it wasn’t entirely true.”

Aguirre, 35, studied graphic design at the University of Zulia in Maracaibo. He said he eventually withdrew after soldiers, members of Venezuela’s Bolivarian National Guard, and police officers opened fire on students.

“That happened many times, to the point where I said I couldn’t keep risking my life,” Aguirre told the Blade. “It hurt me to see what was happening, and it hurt me to have lost my place at the university.”

Venezuela’s economic crisis and increased insecurity prompted Aguirre to leave the country in 2018. He entered Colombia at the Simón Bolívar Bridge near the city of Cúcuta in the country’s Norte de Santander Province.

“If you thought differently, they (the Venezuelan government) would come after you or make you disappear, and nobody would do anything about it,” said Aguirre in response to the Blade’s question about why he left Venezuela.

The Simón Bolívar Bridge on the Colombia-Venezuela border on May 14, 2019. (Washington Blade video by Michael K. Lavers)

Aguirre spoke with the Blade three days after American forces seized Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, at their home in Caracas, the Venezuelan capital, during an overnight operation.

The Venezuelan National Assembly on Sunday swore in Delcy Rodríguez, who was Maduro’s vice president, as the country’s acting president. Maduro and Flores on Monday pleaded not guilty to federal drug charges in New York.

President Donald Trump on Tuesday in a Truth Social post said Venezuela’s interim authorities “will be turning over between 30 and 50 million barrels of high quality, sanctioned oil, to the United States of America.”

“This oil will be sold at its market price, and that money will be controlled by me, as president of the United States of America, to ensure it is used to benefit the people of Venezuela and the United States,” wrote Trump.

Trump on Sunday suggested the U.S. will target Colombian President Gustavo, a former Bogotá mayor and senator who was once a member of the M-19 guerrilla movement that disbanded in the 1990s.

Petro has urged Colombians to take to the streets on Wednesday and “defend national sovereignty.” Claudia López, a former senator who would become the country’s first female and first lesbian president if she wins Colombia’s presidential election that will take place later this year, is among those who criticized Trump’s comments.

“Let’s be clear: Trump doesn’t care about the humanitarian aspect,” said Aguirre when the Blade asked him about Trump. “We can’t portray him as Venezuela’s savior.”

Meanwhile, Aguirre said his relatives in Maracaibo remain afraid of what will happen in the wake of Maduro’s ouster.

“My family is honestly keeping quiet,” he said. “They don’t post anything online. They don’t go out to participate in marches or celebrations.”

“Imagine them being at the epicenter, in the eye of the hurricane,” added Aguirre. “They are right in the middle of all the problems, so it’s perfectly understandable that they don’t want to say anything.”

‘I never in my life thought I would have to emigrate’

Aguirre has built a new life in Bogotá.

He founded Mesa Distrital LGBTIQ+ de Jóvenes y Estudiantes, a group that works with migrants from Venezuela and other countries and internally placed Colombians, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aguirre told the Blade he launched the group “with the need to contribute to the general population, not just in Colombia.”

Aguirre met his husband, an American from California, at a Bogotá church in December 2020 during a Christmas event that SDA Kinship Colombia, an LGBTQ group, organized. A Utah judge virtually officiated their wedding on July 12, 2024.

“I love Colombia, I love Bogotá,” said Aguirre. “I love everything I’ve experienced because I feel it has helped me grow.”

He once again stressed he does not know what a post-Maduro Venezuela will look like.

“As a Venezuelan, I experienced the wonders of that country,” said Aguirre. “I never in my life thought I would have to emigrate.”

The Colombian government’s Permiso por Protección Temporal program allows Aguirre and other Venezuelans who have sought refuge in Colombia to live in the country for up to 10 years. Aguirre reiterated his love for Colombia, but he told the Blade that he would like to return to Venezuela and help rebuild the country.

“I wish this would be over in five years, that we could return to our country, that we could go back and even return with more skills acquired abroad,” Aguirre told the Blade. “Many of us received training. Many of us studied a lot. We connected with organizations that formed networks, which enriched us as individuals and as professionals.”

“Returning would be wonderful,” he added. “What we’ve built abroad will almost certainly serve to enrich the country.”

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